Organizational Buying Behaviour free essay sample

These are marketing intermediaries such as wholesalers and retailers who buy finished goods for resale at a profit. ? Government markets This comprises of national and local governments, seeking to provide the public with education, water, energy, national defense, road systems and health care. ? Institutional markets o Organizations that seek to achieve charitable, educational, community or other non-business goals make up institutional markets. o They include churches, hospitals, museums, libraries, universities and charitable organizations. 2. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL AND PERSONAL BUYING. These can be compared on the unique characteristics of organizational buying. a) Business markets have fewer buyers than consumer markets. b) In business markets, there are a few large buyers c) There is close supplier-customer relationship in business market due to o Smaller customer base o Contracts go to suppliers who co-operate with the buyers on technical specifications and delivery requirements o Suppliers are expected to attend special seminars organized by buyers so as to be familiar with the buyers’ quality specifications. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Buying Behaviour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page d) Geographically concentrated buyers ) Derived demand The demand for business goods is ultimately delivered from the demand for consumer goods f) Inelastic demand The total demands for industrial goods are not much affected by the changes in the environment. g) Fluctuating demand Demand for organizational goods tend to be more volatile than the demand for consumer products. o This is especially true for the demand of new plant and equipment o A given percentage increase in consumer demand can lead to a larger percentage increase in the demand for plant and equipment necessary for additional output. h) Professional purchasing Business goods are purchased by trained purchasing agents, who must follow the organizations, o Purchasing policies o Constraints o Requirements. i) Several buying influences o More people typically influence business buying decisions than in consumer buying decisions. o Buying committees consisting of technical experts and even senior managers are common in the purchase of major goods. j) Direct purchasing Business buyers often buy from manufacturers rather through intermediaries, especially those items that are technically complex and/or expensive. k) Reciprocity Business buyers normally buy from suppliers who buy from them. ) Leasing. o Many industrial buyers lease their equipment instead of buying it. o Advantages Conserves capital Gets sellers latest products Receives better services Gains some tax advantages. 3. BUYING SITUATIONS OR TYPES OF BUYING DECISIONS. Three types of buying situations have been identified; a) Straight Rebuy ? The purchasing department orders on a routine basis e. g. office suppliers. ? The buyer chooses from the suppliers on its approved list, giving weight to past satisfaction with the various suppliers. b) Modified Rebuy The buyer wants to modify the: Product specification, Prices, Delivery requirements and Other terms This usually involves additional discussions and more participants on both the buyer and the seller’s side. c) New task Rebuy ? A product is being bought for the first time. ? The greater the cost and/or risks, the lager will be the number of decision participants and the greater their information gathering. The time take to make a decision also increases. ? This situation offers the marketer the greatest opportunity and challenge. ? The marketer tries to reach as many key buying influencers as possible and provides helpful information and assistance. Because of the complicated nature of selling, many companies are using missionary sales forc e consisting of their best sales people. 4. BUYING ROLES/PARTICIPANTS IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL BUYING. I. e. the decision making unit (DMU) or buying centre. a) What is the buying center? It is composed of all those individuals and groups who participate in the purchase-decision process. It includes members of the organizations who play any of the following roles in the purchase-decision process. b) Buying roles i) Initiators Those who suggest that an item be purchased They may be users or other organizations. i) Users Those who will use the product. In most cases, they initiate the buying, write proposals and help define product specifications/requirements. iii) Influencers Are persons who influence the buying decisions They help define product specifications and provide information for evaluating alternatives. Technical personnel are important as influencers. iv) Deciders Are the persons who have the power to decide on product requirements and/or suppliers. v) Approvers Are th e persons who must authorize the proposed actions of deciders or buyers. vi) Buyers Are persons with formal authority for selecting the supplier and arranging terms of purchase. vii) Gate-keepers Are persons who have the power to prevent information from reaching members of the buying center e. g. Purchasing agents Receptionists and Telephone operators. They may prevent sales persons from talking to users or deciders. 5. BUYING DECISION PROCESS Eight stages in the buying decision process have been identified by marketers. These are described as:- i) Problem recognition The buying decision process starts when someone in the company recognizes a problem or need. This may arise from, ? Internal stimuli e. g. o The company decides to develop a new product and needs new equipment o There may be a machine break-down which may require replacement or new parts o Purchased material may turn out to be unsatisfactory and the company needs another supplier. ? External stimuli e. g. o New ideas from trade shows. ii) General need description ? Buyer determines the general characteristics and quality of the needed item. ? He may not be aware of different product characteristics ? The marketer should help the company to define its needs. iii) Product specifications At this stage, item’s technical specifications are developed. The decision makers may use of product value analysis. They may ask such questions as; o Does the use of the item contribute value? o Is its cost proportionate to its usefulness? o Can it be found elsewhere? iv) Supplier search Sources of suppliers may include ? Trade directories ? Business directories ? Word of mouth ? Experience. v) Proposal solicitation In this stage, the buyer invites qualified suppliers to submit proposals. vi) Supplier selection In selecting suppliers, decision makers, may use of vendor analysis. The following attributes, may be used; Delivery capability; Quality ; Price;Repair service;Technical capability;Performance history;Reputation;Financial position. vii) Order routine specification Buyer now writes final order with the chosen suppliers, listing Technical specification Quantity needed Expected time of delivery Return policies, e. t. c. viii) Performance review Buyer reviews performance of a particular supplier(s) The buyer can contact end users and ask for their evaluation and then rate suppliers on several criteria. The review may lead the buyer to; Continue, Modify or Drop the supplier. 6. FACTORS INFLUENCING ORGANIZATIONAL BUYING DECISIONS. a) Environmental factors E. g. Level of primary demand Cost of money Technology Political/legal forces Competitive developments Organizational factors: Objectives, Policies, Procedures Organization structure, e. t. c. b) Interpersonal factors Participants in their buying center have different statuses, authority, pers uasiveness, e. t. c. c) Individual factors Each individual in the buying centre has; Personal motivators; Perceptions; Education; Personality, e. t. c.

Free Essays on Richard Nixon

spoken by Richard Milhous Nixon. He was the thirty-seventh president to take office. He was a skilled negotiator and had a great understanding of foreign affairs. He probably is remembered most for his achievements in foreign policy and the famous Watergate scandal that forced him to resign his office. Richard Nixon ran for president in 1960 against John F. Kennedy, but lost the election. Not giving up hope, he ran again in 1968. His campaign strategies were to unite the Republican party and he appealing to voters in border, southern, and western states by enunciating conservative policies that distinguished the GOP from the liberalism of the Democrats and the more conservative views of the American Independent party. His opponents of this election were Democrat Hubert F. Humpherey and Gov. George Wallace of Alabama, candidate for the American Independent party. Nixon decided that he did not want the Vietnam war to become a campaign issue; but he did pledge to end the war if he was elected. Wallace talked about the issue the most. In conclusion of the election, Nixon won 32 states, Humphrey 13 plus the District of Columbia, and Wallace 5 in the South. Humphery and Nixon came close with 31,770,237 to 31,270,533 and 9,906,141 for Wallace. Nixon received 301 electoral votes, to 191 for Humphrey and 46 for Wallace. President Richard Nixon inherited a country at war, aggravation, and violence. His goal was to get all US troops out of Vietnam. He did reduce US troops from 550,000 in 1969 to about 30,000 in 1972. Nixon did not immediately set a date for the withdrawal of all US troops; he said that the United States must leave Vietnam in... Free Essays on Richard Nixon Free Essays on Richard Nixon â€Å"The greatest honor history can bestow is the title of peacemaker. This honor now beckons America-the chance to lead the world at last out of the valley of turmoil and onto that high ground of peace that man has dreamed of since the dawn of civilization.†1 These were words spoken by Richard Milhous Nixon. He was the thirty-seventh president to take office. He was a skilled negotiator and had a great understanding of foreign affairs. He probably is remembered most for his achievements in foreign policy and the famous Watergate scandal that forced him to resign his office. Richard Nixon ran for president in 1960 against John F. Kennedy, but lost the election. Not giving up hope, he ran again in 1968. His campaign strategies were to unite the Republican party and he appealing to voters in border, southern, and western states by enunciating conservative policies that distinguished the GOP from the liberalism of the Democrats and the more conservative views of the American Independent party. His opponents of this election were Democrat Hubert F. Humpherey and Gov. George Wallace of Alabama, candidate for the American Independent party. Nixon decided that he did not want the Vietnam war to become a campaign issue; but he did pledge to end the war if he was elected. Wallace talked about the issue the most. In conclusion of the election, Nixon won 32 states, Humphrey 13 plus the District of Columbia, and Wallace 5 in the South. Humphery and Nixon came close with 31,770,237 to 31,270,533 and 9,906,141 for Wallace. Nixon received 301 electoral votes, to 191 for Humphrey and 46 for Wallace. President Richard Nixon inherited a country at war, aggravation, and violence. His goal was to get all US troops out of Vietnam. He did reduce US troops from 550,000 in 1969 to about 30,000 in 1972. Nixon did not immediately set a date for the withdrawal of all US troops; he said that the United States must leave Vietnam in...

Widow Spiders, Genus Latrodectus

Widow Spiders, Genus Latrodectus The famous black widow is just one of the venomous widow spiders living throughout the world. Bites from female widow spiders are medically significant, and may require treatment with an antivenin. Widow spiders do not attack humans unprovoked, but will bite when touched or threatened. What Do Widow Spiders Look Like? Most people will recognize widow spiders by the hourglass markings on the underside of their abdomens. The hourglass mark is not present in all Latrodectus species, however. Females take longer to reach maturity and molt more times than males, resulting in darker, shinier coloration. Males, by contrast, remain lighter and duller. Female widow spiders are larger than their male counterparts; the body of a mature female measures about one half inch in length. Female Latrodectus spiders have a spherical abdomen and long, thin legs. Widow spiders belong to the cobweb spider family. They spin irregular, sticky webs to catch insects. Like other cobweb spiders, widows possess a row of bristles on their hind legs. This comb-foot helps the widow spiders wrap her insect victims in silk. How Are Widow Spiders Classified? Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - ArachnidaOrder - AraneaeFamily - TheridiidaeGenus - Latrodectus What Do Widow Spiders Eat? Widow spiders feed on insects, which they capture in their webs. When an insect touches the web, the widow spider senses the vibration and immediately rushes to capture the prey. The Widow Spider Life Cycle The widow spider life cycle begins with eggs. A female widow spider lays several hundred eggs, wraps them in a silken egg case, and suspends it from her web. She keeps watch over the eggs, and will defend them vigorously during the month of their development. During her lifetime, the female may produce up to 15 egg sacs, with as many as 900 eggs in each one. The newly hatched spiderlings are cannibals, and will quickly devour one another until only a dozen or so offspring remain. To disperse, the young spiders parachute down from the web on silken threads. They continue to molt and grow for two or three months, depending on their sex. Most females live about nine months, but the male lifespan is considerably shorter. Widow spiders, especially black widows, have earned a reputation for sexual cannibalism – the female eats the male after mating. While this does occasionally occur, it is more myth than fact. Not all males get eaten by their partners. Special Behaviors and Defenses of Widow Spiders Widow spiders do not have good eyesight. Instead, they rely on their sensitivity to vibrations to detect prey or potential threats. For this reason, its never a good idea to touch the web of a widow spider. A careless poke with a finger is likely to attract a speedy bite from the resident widow. Mature female Latrodectus spiders inject a neurotoxic venom when they bite. In prey, the venom takes affect fairly quickly; the spider holds the insect firmly until it stops moving. Once the prey is immobilized, the widow injects it with digestive enzymes that begin to liquefy the meal. Though widow spiders are not aggressive, they will bite defensively if touched. In humans, the venom causes latrodectism, a medical syndrome that requires treatment. Within a few minutes, a bite victim will feel localized pain at the site. Symptoms of a widow spider bite include sweating, rigid abdominal muscles, hypertension, and swelling of the lymph nodes. Where Do Widow Spiders Live? Widow spiders stay outdoors, for the most part. They live in crevices or recesses within rock piles, logs, embankments, or outbuildings like sheds or barns. Widow spiders live on all continents except Antarctica. Five species of Latrodectus spiders occur in the U.S.: southern black widow (L. mactans), western black widow (L. Hesperus), northern black widow (L. variolus), red widow (L. bishopi), and brown widow (L. geometricus). Worldwide, about 31 species belong to this genus. Other Names for Widow Spiders In some parts of the world, widow spiders are referred to as button spiders. Sources: Latrodectus, Tree of Life WebGenus Latrodectus, Bugguide.netBlack Widow Spider, Ohio State University Factsheet

Smoking & its Harms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smoking & its Harms - Research Paper Example ed smoking in the public areas as escalating pollution problems, mounting diseases and increase in death rate of citizens activated healthcare organizations to raise voice. Fine of $50 was imposed on the law violators (Adams and Malarcher, 2012). The movement brought considerable results as huge majority of the individuals immediately stopped smoking in public areas but after few months; people were back on track again. Violation of law started again and smoking scenario can be seen in the city. The amount is not that paramount though but pollution in the city is rising due to this problem. People do not smoke in public parks, public transport, and bars but on pedestrian trails; smokers are found (Patel, Thomson and Wilson, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to highlight the problem of smoking in NYC. What is the importance and significance of this problem and what measures are essential to eradicate this problem. The movement started in the recent years along with public response is illustrated in this paper. Moreover critical analysis is exemplified for precise understanding about the issue. The creation of law of non smoking in 2003 had strong basis of the death of 50,000 individuals per annum. The 14 miles beaches of the city beside 1700 parks were declared non smoking areas. The City Council of New York passed the law by keeping in view casualties of several individuals. Smoking was banned on pedestrian walk through, bars, shopping malls too. Respiratory infections, lungs cancer, asthma and cardio vascular diseases emerged due to cigarette smokers. Smokers lay negative impact on the society too. People are not able to enjoy on public spots due to smoking and even pessimistic message is taken by the children (Ossad, 2011). The law against smoking free NYC was formulated in 1988 but amendments in it continued for three consecutive times. Lately in 2003, the law was enforced vibrantly into the city. The rise of this critical issue was important because of

Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Theory - Term Paper Example This paper will examine EBP and identify theories that affect nursing interventions and implications in primary care nursing and also highlight some of its drawbacks. The use of EBP in healthcare setting differs from conducting research. This is because in clinical settings, EBP aims at implementing the latest evidence provided by research to guide patient care towards the best achievable outcomes. A prominent characteristic of EBP is that it encourages the cultivation of the spirit of inquiry, which basically questions existing of conventional practices. Through enquiry, practitioners of primary care nursing can challenge the conventional practices and create room for changes and improvements (Yoder-Wise, 2012). For instance, clinical questions designed in the PICOT format (they deal with patient population, the issue, comparison population, outcome and time involved) are crucial in establishing the most relevant search procedures that yield quality information in the least time possible. Then, before it is implemented or integrated, the information (or evidence) is critically appraised to ensure it is valid, reliable and applicable. The signifi cance of critically appraising evidence can best be understood from the perspective of increasing professional and public need for accountability in quality improvement and safety in primary care nursing (Yoder-Wise, 2012). This is even more pronounced by the fact that preventable harm is usually caused by key deficits in conventional practices that often go unquestioned. Decision making in EBP entails integrating knowledge and experience gained through an individual’s expertise, research evidence and client preferences in the perspective of available resources (Berwick, 2009). Therefore, decision making in EBP is a prescriptive approach towards how choices are made and is founded on ideas of improving theories so that they can be useful and relevant in

The Applications of ICT- Shopping :: ICT Essays

The Applications of ICT- Shopping Supermarkets and checkouts. The advancements in the technological world have allowed supermarket chains and other national stores to quickly dominate the market and are driving out the concept of the ‘local stores’. This surge in the market has seen shares rise and profits bulge with the three main contenders in mind being Sainsburys, Safeways and Tescos who now serve the whole of the UK between them and are the household names of the shopping world. The ICT input to these businesses is vital in that it provides speedy service; controls stock levels and will even allow bank balance transfers to be carried out with minimal difficulty or technical experience. The ‘till’, arguably a simple word has been given several names in the information technology world depending on the tasks, which the one in question can perform. Â · POS- Point Of Sale terminal (ordinary checkout) Â · EPOS- Electronic Point Of Sale terminal (Checkout connected to a computer data base using a laser scanner to read bar codes). Â · EFTPOS- Electronic Funds Transfer Point Of Sale (the same as EPOS with the capability to make transfers for customers to pay for goods via credit or debit cards. The checkout uses the ICC (integrated chip card which is very popular on the continent) or Magnetic strip on the card to request the information of the user to see whether or not they are eligible to make an EFT. The magnetic strip can only hold a limited amount of data such that an 11 or so digit code is sufficient to recall the same data from the bank servers. The ICC however can hold much more information and is much harder to copy or have data changed by criminals or hackers. The checkouts used in modern supermarket chains are all capable of EFT and are therefore all considered EFTPOS. In the next few years checkouts or ‘tills’ in all retail shops will use the ICC Barcodes The goods found in supermarkets are labelled with barcodes used to identify specific items on a central database. When the good is scanned a request is sent from the checkout to this main database where the request is handled and the appropriate information returned to that terminal and the correct amount reduced from the stock of that item. The bar codes are formed of lines of different widths and as each line represents a number the resulting code is the information sent to the main computer.

Catalase Formal Lab Report

You were to analyze a variety of tests including analyzing a glucose solution for the presence of simple reducing sugars, analyzing a sample of vegetable oil for the presence of lipids, analyzing a ample of gelatin for the presence of protein, and analyzing an unknown sample to determine the presence of starch, simple reducing sugars, lipids, and proteins through chemical tests. (Packet, Grafton 2014) Background: Molecules are two or more atoms bonded together to make one system. Most of the common molecules In living organisms fit In four classes of carbon contacting molecules, which are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.Carbohydrates occur In foods and living tissues, and contain hydrogen and oxygen with the same ratio as water. The ratio 1 . Lipids are basically fats. They are unable to be dissolved in water or any liquid but can dissolve in organic solvents. The configuration of cells are composed of a variety of chemical molecules. Cell metabolism involved the c onstruction and obliteration of numerous diverse sorts of molecules. (Packet, Grafton 2014) Proteins are highly varied organic molecules establishing a large percentage of the mass of every organism.Proteins are an essential nutrient in the diet of animals and other non-photosynthesis organisms. Lastly, nucleic acids are long macromolecules, can be DNA or various types of RNA. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and they transfer genetic information. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, and it Is complimentary to the DNA strand. RNA Is almost Identical to DNA except for the replacement of the sugar ribose for didgeridoos. (Unknown Author, Dictionary. Com 2014) Hypothesis: Hypothesis A: If you add iodine to the soluble starch, then it will turn a different color than the rest because a starch is present.Hypothesis B: If you boil the soluble starch with Benedicts solution in it, then it will turn a different color because the simple reducing sugars are present. Hypothesis C: If you drop water and corn oil on brown litmus paper, then the water will semi-transparent and the corn oil will not because the corn oil is a thicker substance. Hypothesis D: If you have ethanol in one test tube and water in another, and you add oil to each, then the oil will be solvent In the ethanol but not In the water.Hypothesis E: If you have three test tubes with gelatin In one, glucose solution in another, and water In the third, and you add Blurred reagent Into each, then the gelatin will change color. Hypothesis Fl : If you add Benedicts solution to the urine sample and boll It, then It will change color, indicating that glucose is present. Hypothesis IF: If you add iodine to the urine you add Beirut's solution to the patient's urine sample, then it will change color, meaning a protein, or child, is present.Hypothesis IF: If you put a drop of the urine sample on a small piece of brown sample and another drop of water to compare, then both will be semi-transparent because no kidney sto nes will be present. Procedures: For the first test, start by getting three test tubes and label 1, 2, and 3. Add twenty drops of soluble starch to test tube one, twenty drops of glucose solution to tube two, ND twenty drops of distilled water to tube three. After this, record the colors in Table one. Next, add iodine solution to each test tube and record the color from the end result, and add the iodine solution in Table 1.Rinse the remains of the test tubes down the sink, and use the test tube brush, soap, and water to clean them. Dry them and put them into the test tube bin. The next test is started by heating the water bath to boiling and getting three test tubes labeled 1, 2, and 3. Add twenty drops of soluble starch to test tube one, twenty drops of glucose solution to test tube two, and ad twenty drops of distilled water to test tube three. Now, record the initial color of the contents of each tube in Table one. Add forty drops of Benedicts solution to each test tube, and rec ord the color after adding it in Table two.Place all three text tubes in a boiling water bath for three minutes. Remove the test tubes from the water bath using a test tube holder and place the test tubes in the test tube rack to cool, and record the color of each tube's contents in Table two. Rinse the contests down the sink, and proceed to clean with soap and the test tube brush. Dry and place the bubs into the bin. For the next test get two test tubes and label them one and two, then add forty drops of ethanol to test tube one and forty drops of distilled water to test tube two.Next, add ten drops of oil and a dropper to each test tube and stir well. Let the contents settle and record the results in Table four. Proceed to clean the tube normally. As another test label three test tubes as one, two, and three. Add sixty drops of gelatin to test tube one, sixty drops of glucose solution to test tube two, and sixty drops of distilled water to test tube three. Record the initial color of the contents n each tube in Table five. Now add twenty drops of Beirut reagent into each test tube and record the new color.Wash and dry the test tubes normally and place them into the bin. Starting a new test, place three millimeters of the urine sample in a test tube. In a new test tube, place three millimeters of water. Add forty drops of Benedicts solution to each tube and place both into a boiling water bath for five minutes. Record those results in Table six. As a new test, place three millimeters of the urine sample in a test tube and three millimeter of water into another test tube, as a control. Add forty drops of Logo's iodine to each tube and record data in Table six.With another test, add three millimeters of the urine sample in a test tube and three millimeters of water into another test tube. To each tube add forty drops of Beirut's solution and record the results in Table six. In the last testing procedure place a drop of the urine sample on a small piece of brown paper and drop of water on the other side of the paper. After allowing the paper to dry for a few minutes, hold the paper up to the light to observe if the spots re semi-transparent or not. Finish by recording the last results in Table six.

A ShortStory Based On: Conrades an Eposode

I knew that it was coming, the day I had been dreading. Everyone was saying that it was great, time we taught those Germans a lesson and that we had a duty to do for our country. But I was different. I knew what it was going to be like but whenever I tried to speak out no one listened and said that I was a coward. May be it was true I didn't want to die. I packed up my stuff it had been eight days since I had received the letter informing me that I had to go to war. I had no choice. I had to go. I thought I would be better off just killing my self right now. I had no hope in war. Just look at me 5 feet 2†³ and weighing just 8 stones. What good will I be in the Great War? I said an emotional farewell to my family my mum especially I had always been closest to her. My Dad had always thought of me as a â€Å"no hoper†. He was big and strong nothing like me all he said was â€Å"good luck† with a firm handshake. I could tell he didn't think I was going to last very long what possibly could someone like me do on the battlefield. I was taken to Chesterfield rail station along with another 150 young recruits. We were then to be taken to Winchester army base .I was sitting in the first carriage seat 6a. I was nervous and tired but slightly excited .I was the fist in my seat. It was alphabetically but with a name like Alfred Ambrose I had no choice. I could hear people giggling and looking and pointing. I could imagine what they were saying † I have seen an ear wig bigger than that†. I sat down and took out a book. We were told that it was going to be a six-hour journey. I was disturbed by a deep voice â€Å"Hi nice to meet you I'm Tim Bright†. Tim was a big man, he made me look like a dwarf but my first impression was that he was a gentle giant. He sat down and took out a comic he was 23 and still reading comics but he explained that he had never been taught to read I felt sorry for him. But I was sure that no one was going to mess with him. I read up to chapter six but I was tired, I had not had too much sleep the night before, I couldn't get to sleep because I was nervous and sad to leave my family. I shut my eyes and tilted my head. I was woken by the sound of the steam engine stopping. I heard a whistle and the doors flung open. The 22 men from my carriage departed and formed an orderly queue. When all 150 men ranging from 17 – 23 had left the train a little man with a moustache came round the corner with a green uniform on with socks tucked into shorts and a black cane under his arm. He didn't look scary but looked as if he could get angry very easily. He introduced him self as Corporal Blake † Right lads, you are to be based here for 4 days, during this time you will go through basic training and get to know your fellow comrades. Then you will be shipped of to France and split into pontoons you will be driven to Shrewsbury dock and transported across the English Channel to Normandy.† We were then taken to our dormitories, they were small and were full of old bunk beds made out of thin metal. There was a musty smell in the room but this didn't make much difference I was only here for 4 days. Training was due to start tomorrow. I sat on the bed and thought about what was to come. I was sharing with the same people from my carriage so at least I had seen all the faces before. I was on the bottom bunk and Tim was on the top he came down and we played a nice friendly game of black jack with a few of the other guys. It was getting dark and I was feeling tired I lied down on the bed but it wasn't very comfortable but It would do. † Ding a ling, ding a ling† I was woken at 7o'clock by the sound of a large bell fitted in all dormitories. It was earlier than I was used to but I had had a long sleep so I was feeling refreshed. This gave us time to have a shower and eat breakfast, which wasn't particularly nice, warm lumpy porridge had never been my favourite. This was our last day before we set off for Normandy. Today we were due to received our kit. It took all day for everyone to get kited out, I was near the beginning due to my name but this did give me time to think and write my parents a letter. It was six thirty by the time every one was ready. Then we were called to the briefing room (a really big long room with a desk). We were given our orders and instructed to be ready by four thirty for a five o'clock sharp leave. Once again the bell was to be sounded there was to be 35 trucks full of men and 12 full of equipment. † Ding a ling, ding a ling† up we got and out side we went, lining up next to our assigned truck. We climbed in, when given the order as warned we left at 5 0'clock.A convoy of 47 trucks. In my truck there were the men from my dorm but my only real friend was Tim I sat next to him and we just talked of home. The journey was only going to be 2 hours so it wasn't that bad but it was really uncomfortable. We arrived at Shrewsbury dock at 4 minutes past seven. Our so-called â€Å"ferry† was to leave at seven thirty. It was more of a raft than a proper boat made out of iron with a small sheltered area with a little engine only capable of a top speed of 8 knots. We were told that we couldn't travel in anything to big, as it was too DANGEROUS because we ran the risk of being bombed. I thought it would still be pretty easy to see 32 boats crossing the English channel but that was the reason we had to go at a time of low light ready to be there at noon so we could fight straight away. The crossing was rough but not quite as bad as I had expected. We arrived at a small naval port in west Normandy there were only a few other men waiting our arrival but they did let of a small cheer to make us feel welcome which was enough for me. We unloaded and received our equipment it was so heavy I could hardly stand up. But the worst of it was still to come we had to march 6 miles with our equipment to get used to the weight and the amount of walking that was to come in the future. We set off in good sprits but after almost 2 hours we still had not arrived at our string hold on the front. But we had seen and heard our first exchange of bullets and shells this just reminder us of the reality and the reason that we are here. It was scary but I was ready to fight, I might not be much good but I had come this far there was no point backing out now. We marched through a small French town deserted but under close watch from our allies. The trenches were just 200 yards but we had to walk another half mile along them before we got to the fighting. We were to be stationed along the trenches as backup and reserve's for the troops already there. As I had expected Tim had been put in charge of our pontoon it was only twelve strong. He had been chosen because of his outstanding performance in the training. The noise was amazing there were non-stop firing and exploding. I just wondered how you were supposed to sleep. I was told that you didn't even try to sleep just for the fear of a grenade or shell landing near by. I wasn't concentrating when I heard a bellow â€Å"section 2† it was Tim our pontoon were needed on the front line for the first time and it was only our fourth day here. â€Å"Right lads, we are needed the others have been drooping like flies lets do it for our selves and our country.† † One last thing good luck†. It wasn't the best speech but Tim wasn't that good with words. We moved forward as a team, for the first time I loaded my rifle and looked out over the trench wall for to see a mess of mud and barbed wire, craters and even dead bodies. I had got through 56 rounds off ammo in 3 days we had only lost 2 lives which was a good ratio compared to things before. â€Å"Lets go lads we are going over the top† This is what I had been dreading, there were 4 other sections going with us to try and make 12 yards to the next set of trenches where we were needed as back up. This was the most dangerous part of the job so far as we were venerable to German fire as well as our own sides as they try to protect. â€Å"1,2,3,4,5†¦10 OK lets go† I was running with my head down when my first nightmare came true. Tim had been hit only in the leg but it looked bad he was like a sitting duck, there was no way he could survive. I luckily made it to the other side, we had suffered 6 deaths and 4 injuries. I looked back to see Tim still alive in pain I couldn't leave him I had to try and save him. I knew I was mad and stupid but he was my best mate I had to. I climbed over the back of the trench with a determined look in my eye, I ran as quickly as I could and reached him in good health, he looked bad, pale and weak, blood pouring out of his wound. I grabbed him by the arms and pulled with my little strength luckily it was enough. I was only a meter away when I felt an unbearable pain in my lower back, I collapsed and couldn't move. I knew it was bad but even worse I had failed Tim what kind of a friend was I. Fortunately we were close to the trench and we had a chance, as expected two men crawled out and dragged us back to the safety of our own trench. The medic was called for and looked at Tim first because he was more important than I was. The verdict was good he and his leg could be saved. It was bandaged and he was taken away. I was not quite so lucky I thought I had no change of walking again and would be lucky to still be a live in 12 hours I was taken to the nearest hospital along with Tim. It didn't hurt that much mainly because I had no feeling up to my navel. 12 WEEKS LATER I had been lucky the doctors had managed to save me but I was paralysed from the lower back down. I was in a wheel chair and in the same ward as Tim. He was staggering about and was on course for a full recovery. Tim and my self were due to go home in three hours there was no use for us anymore. We were both injured and could do nothing to help our country. All I was happy about was that I had managed to save my friend he said he owed every thing to me and promised to look after me for as long as he could. I was sedated for the crossing to stop pain and discomfort I thought back 16 weeks ago when I was on my way to France not on the way back in a wheel chair. We arrived earlier than expected and my parents were not there yet it wasn't long until they arrived and were shocked when they saw me. Tim went over and explained what had happened and how I was a hero in his and everyone else's eyes. My Dad came over and said, † I'm proud of you my son† This was the first time he had ever said anything like that to me. I went home to a hero's welcome, totally unexpected every one in the town lined the streets to cheer me home. They thought of me as someone special who gave his ability to walk to save another persons life. That's not the end of it I was even given a bravery award presented to me by Her Majesty the Queen. But if anyone asks I would do the same again to save my best and only friend Tim.

Free Essays on Emerson

Born May, 25, Ralph Waldo Emerson came from a long line of merchants on his mother’s side and preachers on his father’s side. It is possibly this unique conglomeration of life experiences that lead Emerson to be possibly one of the greatest and most influential essayists and thinkers of all time. Emerson was taught at a very young age not to be dependent on others (a corner stone in his transcendental beliefs) but rather to believe in himself. His grandfather once said, â€Å"I pray every night that none of my descendants might ever be rich.† As a boy, Emerson was serious and some what withdrawn from the world of play. He did not interact with other children with the exception of his three brothers who were all very close. Emerson’s first experience with a teacher like figure was his aunt, Mary Moody. She said he was born to be educated. Mary always expressed her greatest joy that Ralph would be a scholar or orator of some kind. Emerson credits Mary with b eing able to stimulate his! intelligence in that direction. Ralph Waldo Emerson was always placed in the best scholastic environment available to him, which is ironic because later Emerson says education comes from personal experience rather than what a text book says. After several independent private schools and college prepatory schools, Emerson entered Harvard. Emerson later says of Harvard, â€Å" It has done little for me on the whole.† If this is true at least Harvard is where he says his, â€Å"...mind commenced its characteristic and beautiful activity.† Over the years Emerson became interested in the church and eventually enrolled in divinity school. In 1829 Emerson married seventeen year old Ellen Tucker, however seven months later, she died of â€Å"consumption.† With Ellen’s death, Emerson’s and most tender and loving relationship was lost. It is possible that this tragedy was a mitigating factor in Emerson’s satirical summation of humanity. A year later w ith the... Free Essays on Emerson Free Essays on Emerson Born May, 25, Ralph Waldo Emerson came from a long line of merchants on his mother’s side and preachers on his father’s side. It is possibly this unique conglomeration of life experiences that lead Emerson to be possibly one of the greatest and most influential essayists and thinkers of all time. Emerson was taught at a very young age not to be dependent on others (a corner stone in his transcendental beliefs) but rather to believe in himself. His grandfather once said, â€Å"I pray every night that none of my descendants might ever be rich.† As a boy, Emerson was serious and some what withdrawn from the world of play. He did not interact with other children with the exception of his three brothers who were all very close. Emerson’s first experience with a teacher like figure was his aunt, Mary Moody. She said he was born to be educated. Mary always expressed her greatest joy that Ralph would be a scholar or orator of some kind. Emerson credits Mary with b eing able to stimulate his! intelligence in that direction. Ralph Waldo Emerson was always placed in the best scholastic environment available to him, which is ironic because later Emerson says education comes from personal experience rather than what a text book says. After several independent private schools and college prepatory schools, Emerson entered Harvard. Emerson later says of Harvard, â€Å" It has done little for me on the whole.† If this is true at least Harvard is where he says his, â€Å"...mind commenced its characteristic and beautiful activity.† Over the years Emerson became interested in the church and eventually enrolled in divinity school. In 1829 Emerson married seventeen year old Ellen Tucker, however seven months later, she died of â€Å"consumption.† With Ellen’s death, Emerson’s and most tender and loving relationship was lost. It is possible that this tragedy was a mitigating factor in Emerson’s satirical summation of humanity. A year later w ith the...

Assigned a new project Ask your boss these questions ASAP

Assigned a new project Ask your boss these questions ASAP If you’re committed to doing your very best at work each day and taking every opportunity to show your bosses and colleagues that you’re dedicated and serious about your job, then when you get assigned to a new project you know that it’s a great opportunity to show your stuff. You likely get excited by the possibility of hitting the ground running and will stop at nothing to ensure that every facet of the project is completely successful. If this sounds familiar, then you know that it usually takes a strong start for a project to finish strong. This means that you need to have a good handle on the core, fundamental aspects of the assignment. You’ll want to kickstart your work leaving no stone unturned and no question unanswered- because any lingering doubt or confusion at the beginning can fester, grow, and spread, and make a successful completion increasingly less likely.Although the nature of work projects can vary greatly, based on a wide range of facto rs (including industry, size, and scope, to name just a few), there are some basic questions that you should ask and have answered before getting things going. We suggest asking the following questions whenever you’re assigned to a new project to help ensure a successful result.â€Å"What are the goals of the project?†Of course, knowing a project’s goals is key to being successful. After all, we can’t congratulate ourselves for building a helicopter (though impressive) if the goal was to build a boat, can we? We need to know the purpose of the project and what it is expected to achieve before we can begin determining what a positive result even looks like. Whenever you get started on a project, make sure that whoever is in charge clearly communicates to you the goals of the project- it’s the logical starting point for the next step, which is determining how to make those goals an achievable reality.â€Å"What are the key target dates?†Anothe r crucial piece of any project puzzle is knowing the project timeline- this includes the final date for completion as well as all project milestones and deliverables along the way, especially the ones you’re responsible for. Once you know what is expected of you and when you’re expected to deliver results, you can plan accordingly.â€Å"What is my role in the project?†Getting clarity up front regarding your specific role for the project is crucial. When it comes time to deliver, you want to be sure that there are no surprises in terms of what’s expected of you. This becomes especially important for large projects with multiple stakeholders and deliverable windows.â€Å"Who are the other stakeholders involved in the project?†A crucial component for success on many projects- especially large ones with multiple components- is to make sure that everyone involved knows all of the other key project stakeholders, and to establish a regular and efficient f low of communication. When you’re getting started on a new project, always make sure you know all the players involved and how best to keep in contact with them.There you have it, a few crucial questions that you should get answers to when you’re beginning any new work project. Of course, you’ll likely have additional questions that are specific to the project you’re currently working on, but getting answers to these fundamental ones will help ensure that your project gets off on the right foot, stays on track, and is ultimately successful.

TEN COUNSELING THEORY CONSTRUCTS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TEN COUNSELING THEORY CONSTRUCTS - Coursework Example The ego is on the other hand is concerned with realization of reality and it demands on someone and it is involved with reasoning. Superego is concerned with things being right or wrong. Since the personality has the id, ego and superego, it is the three that function in their own ways to result to functions of personality. The id controls ones desires and needs like the drive to eat or drink. Ego acts as the mediator of the others i.e. the id and the superego (Corey, 2008). It also mediates these two with the external world. The superego is responsible to decision making on what is right or wrong. Freud stated that a normal human being is as such on the average. He further stated that this person’s ego nears that of a psychotic in some instance or in a greater extent. He further asserted that anxiety reduction is responsible for normal traits. Freud asserted that mental illnesses develop from childhood and hugely caused by unconscious mind and motivation comes from anxiety reduction. He further said that behaviors in abnormality are exhibits of alternatives of repression. Corey (2008) states that the theory makes it clear that the human mind is dynamic and the behaviors that one exhibits if well looked into have a source that is traceable meaning that it is possible to change behavior. Freud has mentioned a number of techniques that can be used therapeutically or in Counseling. One is dream analysis where traumatic ones are referred to as routes to the unconscious. The other is Para praxes which is the slip of the pen or tongue when the unconscious interrupts the conscious mind shortly. The last is word association where the first word uttered randomly is used at a later therapeutic situation. The client needs to attend the sessions as required or agreed upon. The client is supposed to give honest information about the situation bothering them. Above all it is important for the client to give information of progress of the